Earthquake Early Warning - Blog

As the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) System is developed and NRCan's EEW data center processes earthquakes in "test" mode, the system is continually being assessed. University of Waterloo cooperative student, Bianca Angheluta, worked with supervisor Stephen Crane to develop assessment software, which automatically produces "EEW System Functionality Reports".

These reports provide a summary of the earthquakes the EEW system processed or omitted. The reports provide detailed information on each event, including the stations which contributed to the analysis, the corresponding seismograms, and the accuracy of the events' magnitude, epicenter location, and origin time. In other words, the reports show how well the EEW system is performing and are regularly reviewed by seismologists.

If you are outside and experience shaking (or receive an Earthquake Early Warning alert), it is best to stay outside, move to an area clear of hazards, then crouch down, and cover your head and neck with your arms. It is advisable to stay away from buildings (especially old, brick or stone structures), large objects, utility wires, and other hazards. The area near the exterior walls of a building can be dangerous, as windows, facades, and architectural details often topple.

Register for this year's ShakeOut earthquake drill in: BC at ShakeOutBC, Quebec at GrandeSecousse (in French only), Yukon at ShakeOut Yukon, and elsewhere at ShakeOut.

When you are inside and feel shaking or receive an Earthquake Early Warning alert, your instinct may be to run outside. This is one of the most dangerous things you can do. Generally, the best response is to Drop, Cover, and Hold on. Drop to the ground before the shaking causes you to fall. Take cover under a desk, table, or other piece of furniture to protect yourself from falling objects (light fixtures, debris, items from shelves or cupboards). And, hold onto that furniture with one hand, whilst protecting your head and neck with the other. If there is no furniture for shelter in the room you're in, move to an interior corner or wall (away from windows and other hazards), crouch down, and cover your head and neck with your arms.

To reduce the chance of injury, it is advisable to “secure your space”, at home and at work. Attach tall and/or heavy furniture and appliances to wall–studs, move heavy items to lower shelves or cupboards, remove pictures from over the heads of beds or places where people sit, and strap your water–heater to the building. For more information on how to prepare your home for earthquakes, visit: Public Safety Canada and Earthquakes Canada

Finally, by practising the “Drop, Cover, Hold on” response to earthquakes, you create muscle memory, increasing the likelihood you will take these protective measures in an earthquake. Register for this year's practice drill at: ShakeOutBC or GrandeSecousse (in French).

Camosun College students, Aaron Huinink and Tella Osler, recently returned from two weeks with NRCan's field crew on Haida Gwaii. The crew were installing several Earthquake Early Warning stations on the archipelago. Included in the crew's activities was the installation of complex infrastructure at a challenging site in Tasu Sound, shown above. Due to the remote nature of the site, the station is powered by solar panels, with back–up batteries, and data are sent to NRCan data centres via satellite.

NRCan is now in the final year of development for the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) System. Next spring, the EEW system will be on-line and able to send alerts to people, critical infrastructure operators (such as rail, energy, utilities, health, emergency response, and government), and industry. These EEW messages will announce that an earthquake has just been detected and strong shaking is imminent, providing people and systems valuable seconds to take protective actions. People will usually Drop, Cover, and Hold on (see ShakeOutBC for more information). Facilities that have automated EEW devices installed will be able to trigger safety measures, such as sound alarms, open doors, close valves, and secure machinery. These responses can reduce the impact of major earthquakes, including injuries, and help organizations return to normal operations more quickly.

A datacentre near Ottawa, established for Natural Resources Canada's Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system, is currently running in “test” mode while the remainder of the EEW system is being completed. The datacentre recently processed its first earthquake. The earthquake, which occurred on 18th June under the waters between Haida Gwaii and Vancouver Island, was relatively minor, at magnitude 3.2. As a result, the ground motions on land would have been too small to result in an alert.

Once the EEW system is launched in 2024, however, larger earthquakes with the potential to cause damage or injuries, will result in the data centre transmitting EEW alerts. These will be sent to automated systems, to trigger protective actions, and to the National Public Alerting System, to alert the public that strong shaking is imminent and they should protect themselves, usually to “drop, cover, and hold on”.

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) scientists have been active at this week's joint Canadian and Pacific Conferences on Earthquake Engineering in Vancouver. This international conference seeks to develop a society that is more resilient in the face of earthquake threats. The technical programme explored advances in several fields, including structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering, seismology, earthquake early warning (EEW) and social science related to earthquakes.

Michal Kolaj presented at the “Topics in Performance-Based Seismic Design of Bridges” pre-conference workshop and gave several presentations, on seismic hazard for the National Building Code and on the national EEW system. John Cassidy served on the Conference Organising Committee, the Bridge Workshop Organising Committee, chaired two sessions, and presented on monitoring earthquakes' strong motion. Tiegan Hobbs presented on assessing earthquake risk across Canada. In addition, Alison Bird and Megumi Patchett co-hosted a booth, providing the numerous attendees with opportunities to discuss earthquakes, EEW, and the Risk Profiler web tool.

NRCan's Lisa Nykolaishen and Mingzhou Li have been visiting seismic stations in BC's North Coast region where they are installing new Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) stations, and conducting routine maintenance of the monitoring equipment. Some stations are located in remote, challenging terrains which require access by helicopter. The field teams work hard, but are rewarded with beautiful landscapes across Canada.

The NRCan field team has also been busy preparing EEW sensor station equipment over the past few months, for remote locations on Haida Gwaii in northern BC. The over 9,000 kg of gear will be sent via truck, ferry, helicopter and boat to these locations, where the team will install the equipment this summer.